Are There Term Limits for House of Representatives

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In 15 state legislatures, state legislators are subject to term limits. Voters in six additional states voted to have term limits, only to have those votes nullified. In two cases, the land legislature voted to nullify the limits imposed by voters, while in four other states, courts nullified the voter-imposed limits, primarily for technical reasons.

In the U.s., there are 1,972 country senate seats and 5,411 state house seats. 562 of the 1,972 state senate seats, or 28.5%, come with a limit. 1,368 of the 5,411 state house seats, or 25%, come with a limit. Of the full of 7,383 land legislative seats, 1,930 (26.1%) are limited.

Lifetime versus sequent

Legislative term limits can be either lifetime or consecutive. In the ten states where the limits are consecutive, once a land legislator has served the maximum number of terms in office, he or she, if eligible, can run for office for the state'south other legislative chamber, or leave the legislature. These states are Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, Maine, Montana, Nebraska, Ohio, and South Dakota. After a flow of time no longer in function in a particular legislative chamber, however, the legislator is immune to run once more for office in that legislative chamber. The period of fourth dimension that a legislator must be out of role before being able to run again is usually two years.

In v of the xv states with limits on country legislators, the limit is a lifetime limit. These states are California, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, and Oklahoma. In these states, one time a legislator has served the maximum allowable number of terms in a particular legislative bedchamber, they may never again run for or hold office in that particular bedchamber.[ane]

States with legislative limits

States with legislative limits
Legislature Limits in event Yr limits imposed Year limits took effect
Arizona Legislature H: 4 terms (8 years)
Due south: 4 terms (viii years)
1992 H: 2000
S: 2000
Arkansas Legislature 12 consecutive years; tin can return later a four-twelvemonth break 1992, 2014, modified 2020 H: 1998
S: 2000
California Legislature 12 twelvemonth cumulative total, in either or both 1990, modified 2012 A: 1996
S: 1998
Colorado Legislature H: 4 terms (eight years)
Due south: 2 terms (eight years)
1990 H: 1998
S: 1998
Florida Legislature H: 4 terms (8 years)
S: 2 terms (eight years)
1992 H: 2000
S: 2000
Louisiana Legislature H: three terms (12 years)
S: 3 terms (12 years)
1995 H: 2007
South: 2007
Maine Legislature H: 4 terms (8 years)
Due south: 4 terms (eight years)
1993 H: 1996
S: 1996
Michigan Legislature H: 3 terms (half-dozen years)
S: 2 terms (8 years)
1992 H: 1998
Southward: 2002
Missouri Legislature H: 4 terms (eight years)
S: ii terms (8 years)
Amendment 13 (1992)
(too see: Amendment 3 (2002)
H: 2002
S: 2002
Montana Legislature H: 4 terms (8 years)
Due south: 2 terms (8 years)
1992 H: 2000
S: 2000
Nebraska Unicameral South: 2 terms (8 years) 2000 S: 2008
Nevada Legislature A: 6 terms (12 years)
S: three terms (12 years)
Initiative passed in 1996, took effect with those elected in 1998 A: 2010
S: 2010
Ohio Legislature H: 4 terms (8 years)
S: 2 terms (viii years)
1992 H: 2000
Southward: 2000
Oklahoma Legislature 12 twelvemonth cumulative total, in either or both 1990 H: 2004
S: 2004
South Dakota Legislature H: 4 terms (8 years)
S: 4 terms (viii years)
1992 H: 2000
S: 2000

Limits overturned

By legislature

  • The Idaho State Legislature repealed its own term limits in 2002.
  • The Utah Land Legislature repealed its own term limits in 2003.

Past courts

  • In 1997, the Massachusetts Supreme Courtroom overturned term limits on the Massachusetts General Courtroom in 1997.
  • In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court overturned the country's term limits on the grounds that the initiative voters canonical the imposed term limits had more than one subject area.
  • The Washington Supreme Court voided state term limits in 1998.
  • In 2004, the Wyoming Supreme Court overturned term limits imposed past the state'southward voters.

Impact of term limits on state legislative elections

Overview

The table below displays the term-limited land legislators by year from 2010 to 2021. A total of 1,673 land legislators were term-limited from 2010 to 2021. During that same menstruation of time, Republicans had 180 land legislators more than Democrats ineligible to run for role because of term limits.

  • Democratic legislators term-limited: 718
  • Republican legislators term-limited: 898
  • Nonpartisan legislators term-limited: 57
Term-express state legislators by year
Twelvemonth Democratic Party Dem. senators Republican Party Rep. senators Independent Nonpartisan sentators Democratic Party Dem. representatives Republican Party Rep. representatives Independent Nonpartisan representatives Full term-limited
2021 - - - - - - -
2020 21 33 6 61 89 1 211
2019 4 12 0 xiii 17 1 47
2018 28 62 vi 58 115 2 271
2017 - - - - - - -
2016 29 26 12 84 102 0 253
2015 three 4 0 8 seven 0 22
2014 22 24 17 73 87 0 223
2013 - - - - - - -
2012 35 40 8 87 85 0 255
2011 5 1 0 v iv 1 16
2010 54 66 1 128 124 2 375
Total 201 268 50 517 630 vii one,673

2021

No states with term limits held elections in 2021.

2020

Come across also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2020

In 2020, 211 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. A total of threescore state senators were term-express in 2020. A total of 151 state representatives were termed out in 2020.

Incumbents

The following table detailed the number of land legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits broken down past party and bedchamber.

2020 term-limited incumbents
Political party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
Autonomous 21 61 82
Republican 33 89 122
Independent/Nonpartisan half-dozen i 7
Total 60 151 211

2019

See as well: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2019

In 2019, 47 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the merely state holding elections for a term-limited legislature in 2019.

Incumbents

The following tabular array detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits broken down by political party and bedchamber.

2019 term-limited incumbents
Political party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
Democratic 4 13 17
Republican 12 17 29
Independent 0 1 1
Total 16 31 47

2018

See as well: Impact of term limits on land legislative elections in 2018

In 2018, 271 state legislators were termed out in state senates and state houses combined. A total of 96 country senators were term-limited in 2018. A total of 175 state representatives were termed out in 2018.

As a result of term limits in the 2022 state legislative elections, more than Republican legislators were ineligible to run than Autonomous legislators.

Incumbents

The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits broken down by political party and chamber.

2018 term-limited incumbents
Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Full
Autonomous 28 58 86
Republican 62 115 177
Tertiary Party/
Nonpartisan
6[2] 2 eight
Total 96 175 271

Chambers

The following table detailed the number of chambers where ane party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2018.

2018 chambers with the almost losses
Party Senates with nearly losses Houses with nearly losses Full
Democratic 1 iv v
Republican 8 8 16
Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 5 1 6
Total fourteen 13 27

Post-ballot results

Thirty-five of the 271 term-limited seats (12.ix%) changed partisan control in the 2022 elections. Democrats had a net gain of 15 seats and Republicans had a cyberspace loss of 13 seats. 10 seats switched from Democrat to Republican, 23 seats flipped from Republican to Democrat, and ii seats inverse from independent to Democrat.[three]

Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2022 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party. The Nebraska senators were counted as major party incumbents in the post-ballot results.

2018 post-election results
Party Pre-ballot Post-election
Autonomous 87 102
Republican 182 169
Third Party/Nonpartisan 2[iv] 0
Post-ballot partisan alter of term-limited seats
Proper name Party Role District 2018 election winner Party
Joseph Schiavoni Democratic Ohio Land Senate District 33 Michael Rulli Republican
Randy Bass Democratic Oklahoma State Senate District 32 John Montgomery Republican
Billie Sutton Autonomous South Dakota Land Senate District 21 Rocky Blare Republican
Anthony Cannella Republican California State Senate District 12 Anna Caballero Democratic
Brian Langley Republican Maine Country Senate Commune 7 Louis Luchini Autonomous
Michael Thibodeau Republican Maine Land Senate Commune 11 Erin Herbig Democratic
Dave Hildenbrand Republican Michigan Land Senate District 29 Winnie Brinks Autonomous
James Marleau Republican Michigan State Senate District 12 Rosemary Bayer Autonomous
Patrick Colbeck Republican Michigan Country Senate District 7 Dayna Polehanki Democratic
Edward Buttrey Republican Montana State Senate District eleven Tom Jacobson Democratic
Bob Krist Republican Nebraska State Senate District x Wendy DeBoer Democratic
Kevin Bacon Republican Ohio State Senate District 3 Tina Maharath Democratic
J.D. Mesnard Republican Arizona House of Representatives District 17 Jennifer Pawlik Democratic
Wayne Parry Republican Maine Business firm of Representatives Commune ten Henry Ingwersen Democratic
Ralph Chapman Contained Maine Business firm of Representatives District 133 Sarah Pebworth Democratic
Heather Sirocki Republican Maine House of Representatives District 28 Christopher Caiazzo Democratic
Denise Harlow Independent Maine Business firm of Representatives Commune 36 Michael Brennan Democratic
Deborah Sanderson Republican Maine House of Representatives District 88 Chloe Maxmin Autonomous
James Gillway Republican Maine House of Representatives District 98 Scott Cuddy Autonomous
Michael McCready Republican Michigan House of Representatives Commune xl Mari Manoogian Autonomous
Martin Howrylak Republican Michigan Business firm of Representatives District 41 Padma Kuppa Democratic
Gary Cross Republican Missouri Business firm of Representatives District 35 Keri Ingle Democratic
Anne Gonzales Republican Ohio House of Representatives Commune 19 Mary Lightbody Democratic
Mike Duffey Republican Ohio House of Representatives Commune 21 Beth Liston Democratic
Kristina Daley Roegner Republican Ohio Business firm of Representatives District 37 Casey Weinstein Democratic
Marlene Anielski Republican Ohio House of Representatives District half-dozen Phil Robinson Democratic
Weldon Watson Republican Oklahoma Firm of Representatives District 79 Melissa Provenzano Autonomous
Randy McDaniel Republican Oklahoma House of Representatives Commune 83 Chelsey Branham Democratic
Scott Dianda Autonomous Michigan Firm of Representatives Commune 110 Gregory Markkanen Republican
Pat Conway Democratic Missouri House of Representatives Commune 10 Bill Falkner Republican
Ben Harris Autonomous Missouri Business firm of Representatives District 118 Mike McGirl Republican
Ed Cannaday Autonomous Oklahoma House of Representatives District 15 Randy Randleman Republican
Brian Renegar Democratic Oklahoma Business firm of Representatives District 17 Jim Grego Republican
Spencer Hawley Autonomous Southward Dakota House of Representatives District 7 Doug Post Republican
Chuck Hoskin Democratic Oklahoma House of Representatives District six Rusty Cornwell Republican

2017

No states with term limits held elections in 2017.

2016

See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2016

In 2016, 253 state legislators were termed out in country senates and country houses combined. A total of 67 state senators were termed out in 2016. This represented 20.2 percent of the 331 total state senate seats up for election in the thirteen term-limited state senates with elections in November 2016. A total of 186 country representatives were termed out. This represented 14.8 percent of the i,261 full seats up for election in the thirteen term-express state houses with elections in November 2016.

Incumbents

The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits broken down past party and chamber.

2016 term-limited incumbents
Political party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Full
Democratic 29 84 113
Republican 26 102 128
Nonpartisan 12 0 12
Total 67 186 253

Chambers

The following table detailed the number of chambers where one political party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2016.

2016 chambers with the virtually losses
Party Senates with about losses Houses with most losses Full
Democratic 5 4 nine
Republican 5 eight 13
Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) 3 i 4
Total 13 13 26

2015

See also: Louisiana State Senate elections, 2022 and Louisiana House of Representatives, 2015

In 2015, 22 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the only state holding elections for a term-express legislature in 2015.

Incumbents

The post-obit tabular array detailed the number of land legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits cleaved down by political party and sleeping room.

2015 term-limited incumbents
Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Full
Democratic 3 8 11
Republican iv 7 11
Total seven 15 22

2014

See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2014

In 2014, a total of 223 country legislators were ineligible to run for office considering of term limits. This was 14 pct of the 1,592 state legislative seats up for election in the xiv term-limited states with 2022 elections, and 3.7 pct of the half dozen,047 state legislative seats that were upwardly for election altogether in 2014, including the non-term-express states.

Incumbents

The post-obit table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-ballot in 2022 due to term limits broken downward by party and sleeping accommodation.

2014 term-limited incumbents
Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
Autonomous 22 73 95
Republican 24 87 111
Nonpartisan 17 0 17
Total 63 160 223

Chambers

The following tabular array detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2014.

2014 chambers with the near losses
Party Senates with about losses Houses with most losses Total
Autonomous half-dozen 4 ten
Republican 5 nine 14
Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber) ii 0 2
Total 13 xiii 26

2013

No states with term limits held elections in 2013.

2012

See likewise: Touch of term limits on state legislative elections in 2012

In 2012, 255 state legislators were ineligible to run for function considering of term limits. This was 14.3 percent of the 1,786 state legislative seats up for election in the xiv term-limited states with 2012 elections, and about iv percent of the 6,015 state legislative seats that were upwards for election altogether in 2012, including the non-term-limited states.

In 2012, the last election cycle in which the same seats were up for ballot as 2016, Republicans had a marginal disadvantage in terms of the number incumbents lost to term limits besides as the number of chambers in which each political party saw more members lost to term limits. However, Democrats lost i more state representative than Republicans did during this cycle.

Incumbents

The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2012 due to term limits broken down past party and chamber.

2012 term-limited incumbents
Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
Democratic 35 87 122
Republican xl 85 125
Nonpartisan 8 0 8
Total 83 172 255

Chambers

The following tabular array detailed the number of chambers where one political party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2012.

2012 chambers with the nigh losses
Political party Senates with about losses Houses with most losses Total
Autonomous 4 half-dozen x
Republican 5 seven 12
Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan bedchamber) iv 0 four
Total xiii 13 26

2011

See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2011

In 2011, sixteen country legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the just country with term limits that held an election in 2011. The 16 state legislators termed-out in 2011 made upwards 10.4 per centum of the full legislative seats up for ballot in Louisiana.

There were half dozen state senators termed-out in 2011, making up xv.4 percent of the 39 state senate seats up for election in 2011. There were ten state representatives termed-out in 2011, making up 9.five percentage of the 105 land representative seats up for election in 2011.

Incumbents

The post-obit tabular array detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2011 due to term limits broken down by political party and sleeping room.

2011 term-express incumbents
Party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
Democratic v five 10
Republican 1 four 5
Third Political party/
Nonpartisan
0 i one
Total 6 10 16

2010

Run across also: Impact of term limits on land legislative elections in 2010

In 2010, 375 state legislators were ineligible to run for office considering of term limits. This was 23 pct of the one,600 state legislative seats up for election in the 14 term-limited states with 2010 elections.

The Republican Party had more than members impacted past term limits in the 2010 state legislative elections than the Democratic Party, both in terms of how many private incumbent legislators the Republican Political party lost (190, versus 182 for the Democratic Party) and in terms of how many state legislative chambers lost more Republicans (xiii, versus 10 for the Autonomous Political party).

Incumbents

The post-obit tabular array detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2010 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

2010 term-limited incumbents
Political party # of termed senators # of termed representatives Total
Democratic 54 128 182
Republican 66 124 190
Nonpartisan 1 ii 3
Total 121 254 375

Chambers

The following table detailed the number of chambers where 1 party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2010.

2010 chambers with the virtually losses
Party Senates with well-nigh losses Houses with most losses Full
Autonomous 4 6 10
Republican 7 half-dozen thirteen
Equal D/R losses 2 ane 3
Total thirteen 13 26

See as well

  • States with gubernatorial term limits
  • Length of terms of state representatives
  • Length of terms of state senators
  • States with a total-time legislature
  • Comparison of land legislative salaries
  • Term limits on the ballot

Footnotes

  1. National Conference of State Legislatures, "Chart of states with term limits," accessed January 22, 2016
  2. Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2022 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party.
  3. Google Spreadsheet, "Mail service-election term limits results, 2018," accessed April 25, 2019
  4. Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2022 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Political party. The Nebraska senators were counted as major political party incumbents in the postal service-ballot results.

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Source: https://ballotpedia.org/State_legislatures_with_term_limits

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