Are There Term Limits for House of Representatives

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In 15 state legislatures, state legislators are subject to term limits. Voters in six additional states voted to have term limits, only to have those votes nullified. In two cases, the land legislature voted to nullify the limits imposed by voters, while in four other states, courts nullified the voter-imposed limits, primarily for technical reasons.

In the U.s., there are 1,972 country senate seats and 5,411 state house seats. 562 of the 1,972 state senate seats, or 28.5%, come with a limit. 1,368 of the 5,411 state house seats, or 25%, come with a limit. Of the full of 7,383 land legislative seats, 1,930 (26.1%) are limited.

Lifetime versus sequent

Legislative term limits can be either lifetime or consecutive. In the ten states where the limits are consecutive, once a land legislator has served the maximum number of terms in office, he or she, if eligible, can run for office for the state'south other legislative chamber, or leave the legislature. These states are Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, Maine, Montana, Nebraska, Ohio, and South Dakota. After a flow of time no longer in function in a particular legislative chamber, however, the legislator is immune to run once more for office in that legislative chamber. The period of fourth dimension that a legislator must be out of role before being able to run again is usually two years.

In v of the xv states with limits on country legislators, the limit is a lifetime limit. These states are California, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, and Oklahoma. In these states, one time a legislator has served the maximum allowable number of terms in a particular legislative bedchamber, they may never again run for or hold office in that particular bedchamber.^[ane]

States with legislative limits

States with legislative limits
Legislature	Limits in event	Yr limits imposed	Year limits took effect
Arizona Legislature	H: 4 terms (8 years) Due south: 4 terms (viii years)	1992	H: 2000 S: 2000
Arkansas Legislature	12 consecutive years; tin can return later a four-twelvemonth break	1992, 2014, modified 2020	H: 1998 S: 2000
California Legislature	12 twelvemonth cumulative total, in either or both	1990, modified 2012	A: 1996 S: 1998
Colorado Legislature	H: 4 terms (eight years) Due south: 2 terms (eight years)	1990	H: 1998 S: 1998
Florida Legislature	H: 4 terms (8 years) S: 2 terms (eight years)	1992	H: 2000 S: 2000
Louisiana Legislature	H: three terms (12 years) S: 3 terms (12 years)	1995	H: 2007 South: 2007
Maine Legislature	H: 4 terms (8 years) Due south: 4 terms (eight years)	1993	H: 1996 S: 1996
Michigan Legislature	H: 3 terms (half-dozen years) S: 2 terms (8 years)	1992	H: 1998 Southward: 2002
Missouri Legislature	H: 4 terms (eight years) S: ii terms (8 years)	Amendment 13 (1992) (too see: Amendment 3 (2002)	H: 2002 S: 2002
Montana Legislature	H: 4 terms (8 years) Due south: 2 terms (8 years)	1992	H: 2000 S: 2000
Nebraska Unicameral	South: 2 terms (8 years)	2000	S: 2008
Nevada Legislature	A: 6 terms (12 years) S: three terms (12 years)	Initiative passed in 1996, took effect with those elected in 1998	A: 2010 S: 2010
Ohio Legislature	H: 4 terms (8 years) S: 2 terms (viii years)	1992	H: 2000 Southward: 2000
Oklahoma Legislature	12 twelvemonth cumulative total, in either or both	1990	H: 2004 S: 2004
South Dakota Legislature	H: 4 terms (8 years) S: 4 terms (viii years)	1992	H: 2000 S: 2000

Limits overturned

By legislature

• The Idaho State Legislature repealed its own term limits in 2002.
• The Utah Land Legislature repealed its own term limits in 2003.

Past courts

• In 1997, the Massachusetts Supreme Courtroom overturned term limits on the Massachusetts General Courtroom in 1997.
• In 2002, the Oregon Supreme Court overturned the country's term limits on the grounds that the initiative voters canonical the imposed term limits had more than one subject area.
• The Washington Supreme Court voided state term limits in 1998.
• In 2004, the Wyoming Supreme Court overturned term limits imposed past the state'southward voters.

Impact of term limits on state legislative elections

Overview

The table below displays the term-limited land legislators by year from 2010 to 2021. A total of 1,673 land legislators were term-limited from 2010 to 2021. During that same menstruation of time, Republicans had 180 land legislators more than Democrats ineligible to run for role because of term limits.

• Democratic legislators term-limited: 718
• Republican legislators term-limited: 898
• Nonpartisan legislators term-limited: 57

Term-express state legislators by year
Twelvemonth	Dem. senators	Rep. senators	Nonpartisan sentators	Dem. representatives	Rep. representatives	Nonpartisan representatives	Full term-limited
2021	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2020	21	33	6	61	89	1	211
2019	4	12	0	xiii	17	1	47
2018	28	62	vi	58	115	2	271
2017	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2016	29	26	12	84	102	0	253
2015	three	4	0	8	seven	0	22
2014	22	24	17	73	87	0	223
2013	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2012	35	40	8	87	85	0	255
2011	5	1	0	v	iv	1	16
2010	54	66	1	128	124	2	375
Total	201	268	50	517	630	vii	one,673

2021

No states with term limits held elections in 2021.

2020

Come across also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2020

In 2020, 211 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. A total of threescore state senators were term-express in 2020. A total of 151 state representatives were termed out in 2020.

Incumbents

The following table detailed the number of land legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits broken down past party and bedchamber.

2020 term-limited incumbents
Political party	# of termed senators	# of termed representatives	Total
Autonomous	21	61	82
Republican	33	89	122
Independent/Nonpartisan	half-dozen	i	7
Total	60	151	211

2019

See as well: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2019

In 2019, 47 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the merely state holding elections for a term-limited legislature in 2019.

Incumbents

The following tabular array detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits broken down by political party and bedchamber.

2019 term-limited incumbents
Political party	# of termed senators	# of termed representatives	Total
Democratic	4	13	17
Republican	12	17	29
Independent	0	1	1
Total	16	31	47

2018

See as well: Impact of term limits on land legislative elections in 2018

In 2018, 271 state legislators were termed out in state senates and state houses combined. A total of 96 country senators were term-limited in 2018. A total of 175 state representatives were termed out in 2018.

As a result of term limits in the 2022 state legislative elections, more than Republican legislators were ineligible to run than Autonomous legislators.

Incumbents

The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits broken down by political party and chamber.

2018 term-limited incumbents
Party	# of termed senators	# of termed representatives	Full
Autonomous	28	58	86
Republican	62	115	177
Tertiary Party/ Nonpartisan	6[2]	2	eight
Total	96	175	271

Chambers

The following table detailed the number of chambers where ane party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2018.

2018 chambers with the almost losses
Party	Senates with nearly losses	Houses with nearly losses	Full
Democratic	1	iv	v
Republican	8	8	16
Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber)	5	1	6
Total	fourteen	13	27

Post-ballot results

Thirty-five of the 271 term-limited seats (12.ix%) changed partisan control in the 2022 elections. Democrats had a net gain of 15 seats and Republicans had a cyberspace loss of 13 seats. 10 seats switched from Democrat to Republican, 23 seats flipped from Republican to Democrat, and ii seats inverse from independent to Democrat.^[three]

Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2022 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party. The Nebraska senators were counted as major party incumbents in the post-ballot results.

2018 post-election results
Party	Pre-ballot	Post-election
Autonomous	87	102
Republican	182	169
Third Party/Nonpartisan	2[iv]	0

Post-ballot partisan alter of term-limited seats
Proper name	Party	Role	District	2018 election winner	Party
Joseph Schiavoni	Democratic	Ohio Land Senate	District 33	Michael Rulli	Republican
Randy Bass	Democratic	Oklahoma State Senate	District 32	John Montgomery	Republican
Billie Sutton	Autonomous	South Dakota Land Senate	District 21	Rocky Blare	Republican
Anthony Cannella	Republican	California State Senate	District 12	Anna Caballero	Democratic
Brian Langley	Republican	Maine Country Senate	Commune 7	Louis Luchini	Autonomous
Michael Thibodeau	Republican	Maine Land Senate	Commune 11	Erin Herbig	Democratic
Dave Hildenbrand	Republican	Michigan Land Senate	District 29	Winnie Brinks	Autonomous
James Marleau	Republican	Michigan State Senate	District 12	Rosemary Bayer	Autonomous
Patrick Colbeck	Republican	Michigan Country Senate	District 7	Dayna Polehanki	Democratic
Edward Buttrey	Republican	Montana State Senate	District eleven	Tom Jacobson	Democratic
Bob Krist	Republican	Nebraska State Senate	District x	Wendy DeBoer	Democratic
Kevin Bacon	Republican	Ohio State Senate	District 3	Tina Maharath	Democratic
J.D. Mesnard	Republican	Arizona House of Representatives	District 17	Jennifer Pawlik	Democratic
Wayne Parry	Republican	Maine Business firm of Representatives	Commune ten	Henry Ingwersen	Democratic
Ralph Chapman	Contained	Maine Business firm of Representatives	District 133	Sarah Pebworth	Democratic
Heather Sirocki	Republican	Maine House of Representatives	District 28	Christopher Caiazzo	Democratic
Denise Harlow	Independent	Maine Business firm of Representatives	Commune 36	Michael Brennan	Democratic
Deborah Sanderson	Republican	Maine House of Representatives	District 88	Chloe Maxmin	Autonomous
James Gillway	Republican	Maine House of Representatives	District 98	Scott Cuddy	Autonomous
Michael McCready	Republican	Michigan House of Representatives	Commune xl	Mari Manoogian	Autonomous
Martin Howrylak	Republican	Michigan Business firm of Representatives	District 41	Padma Kuppa	Democratic
Gary Cross	Republican	Missouri Business firm of Representatives	District 35	Keri Ingle	Democratic
Anne Gonzales	Republican	Ohio House of Representatives	Commune 19	Mary Lightbody	Democratic
Mike Duffey	Republican	Ohio House of Representatives	Commune 21	Beth Liston	Democratic
Kristina Daley Roegner	Republican	Ohio Business firm of Representatives	District 37	Casey Weinstein	Democratic
Marlene Anielski	Republican	Ohio House of Representatives	District half-dozen	Phil Robinson	Democratic
Weldon Watson	Republican	Oklahoma Firm of Representatives	District 79	Melissa Provenzano	Autonomous
Randy McDaniel	Republican	Oklahoma House of Representatives	Commune 83	Chelsey Branham	Democratic
Scott Dianda	Autonomous	Michigan Firm of Representatives	Commune 110	Gregory Markkanen	Republican
Pat Conway	Democratic	Missouri House of Representatives	Commune 10	Bill Falkner	Republican
Ben Harris	Autonomous	Missouri Business firm of Representatives	District 118	Mike McGirl	Republican
Ed Cannaday	Autonomous	Oklahoma House of Representatives	District 15	Randy Randleman	Republican
Brian Renegar	Democratic	Oklahoma Business firm of Representatives	District 17	Jim Grego	Republican
Spencer Hawley	Autonomous	Southward Dakota House of Representatives	District 7	Doug Post	Republican
Chuck Hoskin	Democratic	Oklahoma House of Representatives	District six	Rusty Cornwell	Republican

2017

No states with term limits held elections in 2017.

2016

See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2016

In 2016, 253 state legislators were termed out in country senates and country houses combined. A total of 67 state senators were termed out in 2016. This represented 20.2 percent of the 331 total state senate seats up for election in the thirteen term-limited state senates with elections in November 2016. A total of 186 country representatives were termed out. This represented 14.8 percent of the i,261 full seats up for election in the thirteen term-express state houses with elections in November 2016.

Incumbents

The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits broken down past party and chamber.

2016 term-limited incumbents
Political party	# of termed senators	# of termed representatives	Full
Democratic	29	84	113
Republican	26	102	128
Nonpartisan	12	0	12
Total	67	186	253

Chambers

The following table detailed the number of chambers where one political party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2016.

2016 chambers with the virtually losses
Party	Senates with about losses	Houses with most losses	Full
Democratic	5	4	nine
Republican	5	eight	13
Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber)	3	i	4
Total	13	13	26

2015

See also: Louisiana State Senate elections, 2022 and Louisiana House of Representatives, 2015

In 2015, 22 state legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the only state holding elections for a term-express legislature in 2015.

Incumbents

The post-obit tabular array detailed the number of land legislators unable to run for re-election in 2022 due to term limits cleaved down by political party and sleeping room.

2015 term-limited incumbents
Party	# of termed senators	# of termed representatives	Full
Democratic	3	8	11
Republican	iv	7	11
Total	seven	15	22

2014

See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2014

In 2014, a total of 223 country legislators were ineligible to run for office considering of term limits. This was 14 pct of the 1,592 state legislative seats up for election in the xiv term-limited states with 2022 elections, and 3.7 pct of the half dozen,047 state legislative seats that were upwardly for election altogether in 2014, including the non-term-express states.

Incumbents

The post-obit table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-ballot in 2022 due to term limits broken downward by party and sleeping accommodation.

2014 term-limited incumbents
Party	# of termed senators	# of termed representatives	Total
Autonomous	22	73	95
Republican	24	87	111
Nonpartisan	17	0	17
Total	63	160	223

Chambers

The following tabular array detailed the number of chambers where one party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2014.

2014 chambers with the near losses
Party	Senates with about losses	Houses with most losses	Total
Autonomous	half-dozen	4	ten
Republican	5	nine	14
Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan chamber)	ii	0	2
Total	13	xiii	26

2013

No states with term limits held elections in 2013.

2012

See likewise: Touch of term limits on state legislative elections in 2012

In 2012, 255 state legislators were ineligible to run for function considering of term limits. This was 14.3 percent of the 1,786 state legislative seats up for election in the xiv term-limited states with 2012 elections, and about iv percent of the 6,015 state legislative seats that were upwards for election altogether in 2012, including the non-term-limited states.

In 2012, the last election cycle in which the same seats were up for ballot as 2016, Republicans had a marginal disadvantage in terms of the number incumbents lost to term limits besides as the number of chambers in which each political party saw more members lost to term limits. However, Democrats lost i more state representative than Republicans did during this cycle.

Incumbents

The following table detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2012 due to term limits broken down past party and chamber.

2012 term-limited incumbents
Party	# of termed senators	# of termed representatives	Total
Democratic	35	87	122
Republican	xl	85	125
Nonpartisan	8	0	8
Total	83	172	255

Chambers

The following tabular array detailed the number of chambers where one political party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2012.

2012 chambers with the nigh losses
Political party	Senates with about losses	Houses with most losses	Total
Autonomous	4	half-dozen	x
Republican	5	seven	12
Equal D/R losses (or nonpartisan bedchamber)	iv	0	four
Total	xiii	13	26

2011

See also: Impact of term limits on state legislative elections in 2011

In 2011, sixteen country legislators were ineligible to run for office because of term limits. Louisiana was the just country with term limits that held an election in 2011. The 16 state legislators termed-out in 2011 made upwards 10.4 per centum of the full legislative seats up for ballot in Louisiana.

There were half dozen state senators termed-out in 2011, making up xv.4 percent of the 39 state senate seats up for election in 2011. There were ten state representatives termed-out in 2011, making up 9.five percentage of the 105 land representative seats up for election in 2011.

Incumbents

The post-obit tabular array detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2011 due to term limits broken down by political party and sleeping room.

2011 term-express incumbents
Party	# of termed senators	# of termed representatives	Total
Democratic	v	five	10
Republican	1	four	5
Third Political party/ Nonpartisan	0	i	one
Total	6	10	16

2010

Run across also: Impact of term limits on land legislative elections in 2010

In 2010, 375 state legislators were ineligible to run for office considering of term limits. This was 23 pct of the one,600 state legislative seats up for election in the 14 term-limited states with 2010 elections.

The Republican Party had more than members impacted past term limits in the 2010 state legislative elections than the Democratic Party, both in terms of how many private incumbent legislators the Republican Political party lost (190, versus 182 for the Democratic Party) and in terms of how many state legislative chambers lost more Republicans (xiii, versus 10 for the Autonomous Political party).

Incumbents

The post-obit tabular array detailed the number of state legislators unable to run for re-election in 2010 due to term limits broken down by party and chamber.

2010 term-limited incumbents
Political party	# of termed senators	# of termed representatives	Total
Democratic	54	128	182
Republican	66	124	190
Nonpartisan	1	ii	3
Total	121	254	375

Chambers

The following table detailed the number of chambers where 1 party lost more incumbents due to term limits in 2010.

2010 chambers with the virtually losses
Party	Senates with well-nigh losses	Houses with most losses	Full
Autonomous	4	6	10
Republican	7	half-dozen	thirteen
Equal D/R losses	2	ane	3
Total	thirteen	13	26

See as well

• States with gubernatorial term limits
• Length of terms of state representatives
• Length of terms of state senators
• States with a total-time legislature
• Comparison of land legislative salaries
• Term limits on the ballot

Footnotes

1. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Chart of states with term limits," accessed January 22, 2016
2. ↑ Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2022 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Party.
3. ↑ Google Spreadsheet, "Mail service-election term limits results, 2018," accessed April 25, 2019
4. ↑ Nebraska senators are officially nonpartisan. Five Nebraska senators term-limited in 2022 were affiliated with the Republican Party, while the other was affiliated with the Democratic Political party. The Nebraska senators were counted as major political party incumbents in the postal service-ballot results.

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